Authors
- Main Authors :
-Dr.Alain Tenenbaum
-Sr.Mauro Tiziani - Tomas Yung Joon Kim
- Romulo Mené
01
Study
Group
N= 29 Wistar rats
Weight mean : 421g
Origin of animals : Biotério Central of Campus of Ribeirão Preto of São Paulo University
Maintenance : Experimental Pathology Lab of Pathology Department on Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto – USP
Animals keeping : polypropylen boxes
Animals food : basic diet of lab and water
Light conditions : natural light/dark cycles under controlled basic conditions
Experimentators : A.Tenenbaum,R.Mené,M.Kim,M.Tiziani
02
Animals Sacrifice & Histologic Samples
The mice were euthanized in CO2 chambers.
- Incision of the skin with a blade nº 23
- Finding and isolation of the pretibial muscle using Metzenbaum scissors
- Section of tendons with a Mayo scissors.
- Fixation of Portions of the muscles on sections of cork oak
- Embedding using 50% formaldehyde solution - 10% buffered and 50% of pure paraffin for conventional optical microscopic study.
- Staining Sections as routine histological process.
- Microtome used : Leika RM 2155
- Coloration of muscle slices with
-hematoxilin-eosin
-Masson´s trichrome
-and red picro-sirius.
- Histologic examination was realized with a conventional microscope (Olympus BH-2).
- Observation under polarized lampe
- Photographic documentation was realized with a Leika DMR microscope joined to a digital camera Leika CD 300F and compatible PC.
03
Material
- Animals were divided in 6 boxes, so that boxes from number 1 to 5 had 5 rats and box number 6 had 4 rats
- All animals were submitted to a walking evaluation by footprint impression on special paper , and previous immersion of back legs on a soap solution.
- Box 1 had the control group, that received the application of 0,1 ml saline solution ( NaCl 0,9%) on the right pretibial muscle.
The mice of boxes 2 to 5 received 0,1 ml of Endopeels Original Main Product on the same muscle as control group.
Box 6 was constituted of 4 rats, and each one received 0,5 ml of Endopeels original main product injected on the subcutaneous layer.
All the animals were submitted to walking evaluation before and after their respective injections.
04
Methods
Gait Evaluation
To register the footprints of the rats, strips of paper measuring 43 cm long by 8.7 wide, sizes that are considered as being adequate for the rats ‘catwalk’ and built as per the De MEDINACELI; FREED; WYATT (1982) drawing. The paper was previously soaked in a solution of bromophenol blue were used.
For the preparation of the paper the bromophenol blue in its anhydrous (Sigma) form was diluted in at 1% in absolute acetone, acquiring an orange color.
The sheets of paper were soaked in this solution and placed in the sun to dry, then they were cut into strips and stored in plastic packages, so as to avoid humidity, which could alter the blue color.
The animals were made to walk on the catwalk covered with the previously prepared paper strips, with their hind legs soaked in a solution of neutral detergent, which immediately changes the color of the footprint from yellow to blue . The footprints remain on the paper strips, which were left to dry for the reading of the necessary measures to calculate the Sciatic Functional Index .
Later these were analyzed by a computer program (software) developed by SELLI (1998) , to obtain the Sciatic Functional Index that was proposed by BAIN; MACKINNON; HUNTER (1989), which takes into account the print length, the total toe spread between the 1st to the 4th toe, and the intermediate toes which are the 2nd and 3rd. The footprints of each animal were obtained before the application of endopeel, as a control, and immediately after the endopeel injection, and again, and at periodic intervals, when the animals were sacrificed for the extraction of the anterior tibia muscle for histological study.
Sciatic Functional Index or SFI Calculation & Measurement
Schematic representation of the measurements realized to calculate the Sciatic Functional Index.
E: Experimental (operated foot);
N: Normal (opposite foot);
TS: Total opening of the toes (1st to 5th);
IT: Opening of the intermediate toes (2nd to 4th);
PL: Length of footstep
Program used to measure the Sciatic Functional Index SFI
Gait Analysis
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